The Dharma Bums

The Dharma Bums follows the character of Ray Smith, a thinly veiled representation of Kerouac himself, as he embarks on a series of adventures and encounters with various individuals. The narrative is set against the backdrop of the Beat Generation's countercultural lifestyle and the exploration of Eastern philosophy.

The novel begins with Ray's friendship with Japhy Ryder, a character based on the poet and essayist Gary Snyder. Japhy becomes a mentor to Ray, introducing him to Zen Buddhism, mountaineering, and a deep appreciation for nature. Together, they embark on hiking and climbing expeditions in the California mountains. In nature, they seek spiritual enlightenment and a connection to the natural world.

Throughout their journeys, Ray and Japhy engage in discussions about Buddhism, poetry, and the rejection of materialism. They find solace in the simplicity of their experiences and the pursuit of a more authentic and meaningful existence.

The Dharma Bums also explores the Beat Generation's bohemian lifestyle and its rejection of societal norms. The characters engage in spontaneous road trips, engage in casual relationships, and experiment with drugs and alcohol. They seek liberation from the constraints of mainstream society, embracing a freer and more spontaneous way of living.

 

Kerouac's prose in The Dharma Bums is spontaneous and lyrical style, often like jazz improv. He employs stream-of-consciousness writing and incorporates Buddhist concepts into the narrative. This creates a unique blend of Eastern spirituality and American counterculture.